Heleopera petricola
Heleopera petricola, from Leidy, 1879

Heleopera petricola Leidy, 1879

Diagnosis: Shell strongly compressed, especially near the aperture; relatively narrow; mostly colorless, sometimes light yellow or light violet. Test generally irregular, occasionally showing a more regular pattern, and covered with amorphous scales or siliceous plates forming a loose reticulation, with the fundus often containing sand grains. Outline highly variable, but the aperture is usually convex or, when cut straight across, more or less rounded at the corners.

Dimensions: Literature: length 70–150 µm.
My measurements: 105–142 µm.

Ecology: Common species. Habitat in Sphagnum or moss in boggy places.

Remarks: Several forms of this species have been described by Cash et al. (1909) and Bonnet & Thomas (1955), differing in size, structure, and color. Cash et al. (1909) noted that the variation within this species is such that the forms tend to merge into one another.

Heleopera petricola
H. petricola, illustrating the variation in shell shape and size among individuals from the same locality, Killarney National Park, Ireland (2025)
Heleopera petricola
H. petricola, Killarney National Park, Ireland (2025)
Heleopera petricola
Heleopera petricola
H. petricola, 103 and 142 µm, both from the Netherlands
Heleopera petricola
Heleopera petricola
H. petricola, 112 µm and 122 µm
Heleopera petricola
Heleopera petricola
H. petricola, both shells 135 µm long
Heleopera petricola
H. petricola, pseudostome
Heleopera petricola
H. petricola, pseudostome
Heleopera petricola
H. petricola, 140 um, with needle like xenosomes – stacked image
Ferry Siemensma, created February 27, 2019; last modified February 18, 2026
Recent posts